On 24 July 2025, the 25th EU-China Summit took place in Beijing. On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the establishment of bilateral relations, the leaders of both sides discussed the future direction of their partnership, global challenges and pressing trade issues.

Political and geopolitical subjects

A key topic was Russia’s war against Ukraine. The EU emphasised that this poses a threat to global security and again called on China not to provide material support to the Russian arms industry. In addition, Beijing should use its influence to contribute to a lasting and just peace.

Trade and economic relations

The economic ties are enormous: together, the EU and China account for almost 30% of global trade in goods and services. However, there are significant imbalances. In 2024 alone, the EU recorded a trade deficit of €305 billion with China. The EU criticised the growing overcapacity in the manufacturing industry and systemic distortions that lead to competitive disadvantages.

In addition, EU representatives renewed their call for better market access – for example in the meat, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals sectors. If no progress is made, the EU announced that it would take proportionate protective measures if necessary.

Joint commitment to climate protection

Climate protection remains an important area of cooperation. Both sides adopted a joint declaration emphasising their leadership role in the fight against climate change. The EU called on China to set ambitious emission reduction targets for 2035, to increase its contribution to international climate financing and to join the Global Methane Initiative. In addition, the two sides want to work together on an international agreement to reduce plastic pollution.

Human rights and political instability in Asia

According to the EU, the human rights situation in the Xinjiang and Tibet regions is at risk. There is also concern about the treatment of human rights activists and minorities, and the restriction of freedoms in Hong Kong.

The EU calls for stability in the Asia-Pacific region. Tensions in the Taiwan Strait and in the East and South China Seas should be resolved peacefully and in accordance with international law.

Source: Council of the EU